Początki kształtowania się idei miasta historycznego (od Rewolucji Francuskiej po lata 30. XX w.)
The origins of the idea of historic city (from the French Revolution to the 1930s)

Summary/Abstract: The complexity of the concept of “historic city” means that, despite its frequent use in various academic disciplines, no single authoritative definition exists. The term’s meaning remains contextual and variable. The origins of modern reflection on the protection of tangible architectural and urban heritage date back to the French Revolution, when the need to preserve the legacy of the previous system revealed the need for systemic protection of historic monuments. In the 19th century, the development of industrialization, economic modernization, and technological progress intensified the transformation of historic urban structures. Many old quarters were demolished to adapt cities to new civilizational demands. The 19th century played a key role in shaping the institutional and theoretical foundations of monument protection and conservation, forming the basis for contemporary heritage studies. During this period, the scope of the term “historic city” also gradually expanded – from individual buildings and complexes, through their spatial relationships, to the inclusion of intangible elements. The concepts developed at that time remain an important point of reference, but also a challenge for contemporary heritage protection theory and practice, especially in the context of growing tourism (overtourism) and the gentrification of historic urban spaces.

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