SIGURNOSNI RIZICI I MJERE ZAŠTITE PRI POVRŠINSKOM MINIRANJU
SAFETY RISKS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES IN SURFACE BLASTING

Summary/Abstract: Surface blasting represents one of the most complex and high-risk processes in mining practice, where the safety of people and infrastructure directly depends on proper planning, technical control, and compliance with prescribed safety measures. This paper provides a systematic overview of the risks accompanying all phases of surface blasting from drilling and borehole charging to detonation and post-detonation inspection and defines key technical and organizational measures for their prevention. Special attention is devoted to explosive, seismic, and acoustic impacts, which are controlled through the application of empirical models, seismic monitoring, and appropriate blast-field design. The paper analyzes relevant legal regulations, international standards, and European directives governing the handling of explosives, safety distances, and mandatory supervision procedures. The role of geophysical methods is particularly emphasized as an important tool in the planning of safe blasting operations, as they enable the identification of unstable zones and precise determination of geological parameters influencing the distribution of explosion energy. The obtained results indicate the need for an integrated approach that connects technical, legal, and organizational measures, thereby achieving a higher level of safety, efficiency, and control over undesirable effects of blasting in surface exploitation operations.

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