Az idegrendszer és a mesterséges intelligencia kapcsolatának tanítása a gimnáziumi biológiaoktatásban
Teaching the Relationship Between the Nervous System and Artificial Intelligence in High School Biology Education

Summary/Abstract: This study examines the didactic possibilities of teaching the relationship between the biological nervous system and artificial neural networks in upper-secondary biology education. The paper starts from the premise that comparing biological and artificial neural systems is pedagogically productive only if similarities are interpreted together with the limits of the analogy. The theoretical part briefly reviews the biological foun¬dations of neuron structure and function, membrane and action potentials, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity, and contrasts these with the core concepts of artificial neural networks, including inputs, weights, bias, activation, and backpropa¬gation. Building on this foundation, the study argues that the topic can function as an interdisciplinary teaching unit in upper-secondary biology education, especially in the teaching of physiology, the nervous system, and human biology. Its pedagogical value lies in supporting conceptual precision, model-based reasoning, network thinking, and critical reflection on artificial intelligence. At the same time, the paper identifies typical teaching difficulties, including students’ misconceptions about the relationship between the brain and AI, the risk of misleading analogies, and the high conceptual load of the topic. The study concludes that the joint treatment of biological and artifi¬cial neural networks can be a valuable biology-methodological approach if teaching is based on gradual concept building, explicit comparison, and the critical discussion of misconceptions.

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