BŁĘDY WSPÓŁCZESNOŚCI A NOWA PAIDEIA. REFLEKSJE WOKÓŁ MYŚLI MORTIMERA J. ADLERA
ERRORS OF MODERNITY AND THE NEW PAIDEIA: ON THE THOUGHT OF MORTIMER J. ADLER

Summary/Abstract: Mortimer J. Adler, a key figure in philosophy of education, emphasized the importance of the "great books" of the Western tradition for harmonious education. In How to Read a Book, he offered a guide to deep reading of philosophical and scientific texts, while in The Philosophy of Aristotle and The Great Ideas, he explored fundamental philosophical concepts. Adler rejected modern relativism, advocating for a curriculum that integrated critical thinking, ethics, and philosophy as a means to understand universal truths. He criticized modern philosophy for ten mistakes, for instance, relativism, empiricism, and the denial of absolute values, which he believed hindered human flourishing. He condemned reductionism, anti-rationalism, and the neglect of philosophy in education, calling for an approach that integrates reasoning, morally good behavior, and spirituality. He defended natural theology and advocated for studying religion and ethics as part of a holistic education. Adler viewed the study of great books as essential for fostering critical thinking and civic engagement. He argued that education should not only prepare individuals for professional success but also help them cultivate moral virtues and actively participate in democratic life. According to Adler, philosophy was not a mere academic discipline, but a way of life aimed at understanding reality and ethical truths through rational inquiry, while comprehensive liberal education is a means to develop intellectual and moral virtues.

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