Przechodni świat wiedzy a nieprzechodni świat bytu: krytyczne zaangażowanie w kontekście epistemicznych zobowiązań
The Transitive World of Knowledge and the Intransitive World of Being: Critical Engagement in the Context of Epistemic Commitments

Summary/Abstract: This article explores two fundamental areas of critical realism: entities, embedded inan intransitive ontology, and knowledge, rooted in a transitive epistemology. Criticalrealism is a philosophical approach that assumes that reality exists independentlyof our knowledge of it (ontological realism), while knowledge itself is always partial,fallible, and socially conditioned (epistemic relativism). Despite these limitations, itis possible to formulate justified and rational judgments about the world (rational‑ity of judgment). Critical realism, therefore, combines ontological ambition with epistemic humility, enabling more profound and responsible scientific knowledge.The aim of this article is to emphasize that the ability to think critically, understoodas the willingness to question, differentiate, and interpret, remains not only relevanttoday but also essential in the face of the rapid growth of knowledge. This competencebecomes a prerequisite for fulfilling the epistemic commitment to continuous (dis)awareness of the social world. The article shows that cognitive engagement cannotbe separated from the structural depth of the entities under consideration, and thatrecognizing the fallibility of the judgments made is one of the key conditions forthinking responsibly about reality.

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