Tendencje i wyzwania w dążeniu do dekarbonizacji: przyszłość energetyki i polityki klimatycznej w Unii Europejskiej
Trends and Challenges in the Pursuit of Decarbonisation: The Future of Energy and Climate Policy in the European Union

Summary/Abstract: The decarbonisation process in the European Union (EU), as a key element of the strategy to combat climate change, encounters significant challenges related to energy security and regional stability. The transition to renewable energy sources and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, although necessary to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, involve the risk of a new type of dependence on the import of critical raw materials necessary for zero‑emission technologies. These raw materials are currently concentrated in a few countries, with China as the dominant player. This poses a risk to the EU's energy security. The article analyzes the EU's strategy for diversifying supply sources, investing in recycling and developing alternative technologies that could reduce dependence on imports. The need for an integrated approach, including international cooperation and innovation, is highlighted to ensure long‑term energy stability and security. Research results indicate that although energy transformation is necessary, it requires effective management of the risks associated with new dependencies.

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