THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LABOUR MARKET: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PERSPECTIVES
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LABOUR MARKET: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PERSPECTIVES

Summary/Abstract: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become one of the key drivers of transformation in labour markets and human resource management. Its rapid adoption in organizational practice fundamentally alters work organization, HR processes, decision-making mechanisms, and skill requirements for employees. Beyond efficiency gains, AI increasingly reshapes power relations, job design, and the allocation of responsibilities between humans and intelligent systems. The aim of this study is to analyse the main research directions and thematic areas related to the impact of artificial intelligence on labour markets and human resource management, to identify dominant trends in the academic literature, and to highlight key challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of AI in HR practices. Methodologically, the study is based on a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with PRISMA principles and complemented by a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases between 2015 and 2025. Relevant studies were selected using a search string combining keywords related to artificial intelligence, labour markets, and human resource management. To identify thematic structures and research clusters, a co-occurrence network analysis of keywords was carried out using the VOS viewer tool. This methodological approach enables a comprehensive mapping of the intellectual structure of the field and allows for the identification of emerging research topics and underexplored areas. The results reveal a significant increase in scientific interest in the analysed topic, particularly after 2020, reflecting accelerated digitalisation of work processes and the rapid development of generative AI technologies. Three main analytical levels of research were identified: the macro level, focusing on economic and institutional impacts of AI on labour markets; the meso level, addressing organisational aspects of AI implementation within firms; and the micro level, concentrating on individuals, changes in skill requirements, wage structures, and human–technology interaction. The analysis further indicates a growing convergence of economic and management-oriented research with legal and ethical scholarship, highlighting the complexity of AI-driven transformation. A notable finding is the growing emphasis on ethical, social, and regulatory issues, particularly algorithmic fairness, transparency, accountability, and data protection. These aspects are increasingly recognised as critical determinants of trust in AI-supported HR systems and as prerequisites for their long-term acceptance by employees. The study contributes to the systematisation of existing knowledge on the impact of artificial intelligence on human resource management and labour markets and provides a solid theoretical foundation for further empirical research. It also highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach combining economic, managerial, legal, and ethical perspectives when assessing the long-term consequences of AI adoption in the workplace and its implications for sustainable and inclusive forms of work organisation.

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