Sintaksičke funkcije rečenica uvedenih leksemom h. ayt-u u modernom standardnom arapskom jeziku
Syntactic Functions of Clauses Introduced by Lexeme h. ayt-u in Modern Standard Arabic

Summary/Abstract: The lexeme ḥayṯu is a polyfunctional and very productive lexeme in Arabic, which received attention in Arabic grammatical description throughout the time span from the era of classical Arabic until the present day. The syntactic description of this lexeme has developed and expanded over time along with its use in language so that, in addition to its two uses suggested in the Arabic grammatical tradition, it includes a somewhat broader inventory of functions in recent studies. Nevertheless, such a description is mostly limited to delineating the meanings of the lexeme ḥayṯu or its translation equivalents. The syntactic functions of the lexeme ḥayṯu are therein mentioned only rarely and sporadically, lacking a systematic analysis. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is the analysis of various syntactic functions that clauses introduced by the lexeme ḥayṯu can take in Arabic. The analysis is based on the analytical-descriptive method and the typological-functional approach. Its results show that clauses introduced by the lexeme ḥayṯu, divided into two main groups, cover a wide spectrum of syntactic functions in Modern Standard Arabic. The first group of clauses includes attributive relative clauses and free relatives used as location, time and conditional adverbials introduced by the lexeme ḥayṯu as an adverbial relativizer. The second group consists of reason, purpose and result adverbial clauses introduced by the lexeme ḥayṯu as a subordinating conjunction. In addition to providing a systematic description of the various functions of clauses introduced by the lexeme ḥayṯu, the analysis presented in the paper also draws attention to the stylistic efficiency of such constructions and the important role that the lexeme ḥayṯu plays in enriching the inventory of means of stylistic choices in Arabic.

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