Katolik Hıristiyanlıkta Kadın İmajı: Beytanyalı Marta ve Meryem Düalizmi
The Image of Women in Catholic Christianity: The Dualism of Martha and Mary of Bethany

Summary/Abstract: Purpose: Throughout the annals of Christian history, women have been predominantly characterised by a dichotomous reduction to two conflicting archetypes. This phenomenon has also presented women with two models through Martha and Mary, similar to the dualism of sinful Eve and virgin Mary. The question and choice that Christian women face is whether to emulate Mary or Martha. In this text, Martha is used to symbolise women engaged in household chores, childrearing, and practical service. Mary, on the other hand, is used to symbolise women engaged in spritiual pursuits, such as the acquisition of knowledge. The question of whether one's life should be characterised as one of action, as exemplified by Martha or of contemplation, as typified by Mary is a complex one. Which of these services is more worthy? Is it necessary for Christian women should be compelled to select one of these two typologies of women, being thereby rendered unable to serve in either way? This narrative is of particular significance as it is frequently cited to in support of women’s right and obligation to learn. The present study aims to reveal the essence of the message associated with Jesus by demonstrating the shortcomings of traditional divisive and feminist selective interpretations in the context of Catholic Christianity. Method: The present article offers a re-reading of Luke 10:38-42 from a critical perspective. A thorough examination of the text reveals an exploration of the concepts of “sevice” and “contemplation” with a focus on their historical underpinnings. The present study employs a hermeneutical approach to elucidate the manner in which this dualism has been accentuated by the Church Fathers and traditional interpretations. Furthermore, a comparative method is utilized to juxtapose traditional and egalitarian interpretations. Findings: The conventional interpretation is considered to be of an unconstructive natüre, insofar as it reduces the two women to theological principles and types, thereby creating a division between them. Conversely, feminist interpretations seek to demonstrate the partnership of women in the leadership of the house church, with Mary representing the apostleship. However, both the divisive nature of the traditional interpretation and the reluctance of feminists to serve are incompatible with Jesus’ understanding of service. Conclusion: Given the absence of academic research on Martha and Mary of Bethany in this country, the present article is anticipated to make a significant contribution to the field by addressing a significant gap in the existing literature. A thorough examination of the text reveals that the concepts of “service” and “contemplation” are not inherently contradictory. Instead, they are complementary elements that are essential for the maturation of the community. It is evident that the narrative under scrutiny employs dual female figures, Martha and Mary, to exemplify the merits of collaborative endeavours in the context of service and leadership. When examined through a contemporary lens, it appears that the roles assigned to women in society are undergoing change and progression. However, this is merely superficial, as underlying societal structures and patterns remain consistent. In this sense, interdisciplinary studies addressing the problems of our modern age, such as the invisible labor of housewives and the increasing responsibilities of working women, are recommended.

• Details
• Contents