Analysing the Efficiency of Scientific Potential in Driving National Competitiveness: Evidence from Emerging Economies and the Case of Kazakhstan
Analysing the Efficiency of Scientific Potential in Driving National Competitiveness: Evidence from Emerging Economies and the Case of Kazakhstan

Summary/Abstract: In the context of the global transformation toward a knowledge-based economy, the effective mobilization and assessment of scientific potential has become a decisive factor in strengthening national competitiveness. This study highlights the growing importance of evidence-based public science policy that incorporates international benchmarks while accounting for national socio-economic characteristics. The purpose of the research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of scientific potential and its role in enhancing economic competitiveness, using Kazakhstan as a case study. The research examines the structure and dynamics of research and development (R&D) funding, the spatial distribution of resources, the roles of the public and private sectors in building scientific infrastructure, and lessons from global models of science policy and governance. Although the study is grounded in the Kazakhstan context, its analytical framework and conclusions are designed to be relevant and transferable to other emerging and transition economies facing similar institutional and developmental challenges. Methodologically, the study applies systemic and institutional approaches alongside economic and statistical tools, including trend, correlation, cluster, and comparative analyses. Based on data from 2020–2024, the research identifies core barriers such as underdeveloped private sector investment, fragmented science-business integration, and regional disparities in research activity. It confirms a positive correlation between regional R&D expenditure and competitiveness metrics. The findings suggest that aligning national scientific development with international best practices, through targeted investments, policy reform, and cross-sector collaboration, can significantly improve innovation ecosystems and economic resilience in comparable global contexts.

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