Vocea umană ca dată biometrică în contextul tehnologiilor de clonare vocală prin inteligență artificială: calificare juridică și regim juridic de prelucrare conform regulamentului (UE) 2016/679 (GDPR)
The human voice as a biometric data in the context of voice cloning technologies using artificial intelligence: legal qualification and legal processing framework in accordance with regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR)

Summary/Abstract: This study examines the legal status of the human voice processed through voice cloning technologies based on artificial intelligence from the perspective of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR). The central hypothesis argues that the voice processed in this way constitutes biometric data within the meaning of Article 4 (14) of the GDPR when the specific technical processing allows or confirms the unique identification of the individual. The research objective is to clarify the criteria for legal classification and the practical consequences for operators.The methodology combines an exegetical analysis of normative texts with the study of CJEU case law and the positions of European data protection authorities. The results confirm that voice cloning technologies that extract identifying acoustic features require the application of the restrictive regime of Article 9 GDPR. The practical implications concern the obligation to obtain explicit consent, to conduct impact assessments, and to implement enhanced security measures.

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