Ramanuja's Ontology for Christianity? A Reply to Jon Paul Sydnor
Ramanuja's Ontology for Christianity? A Reply to Jon Paul Sydnor

Summary/Abstract: In this article, the author analyzes Jon Paul Sydnor's constructive theology and his proposal that progressive Christians consider adopting a panentheistic metaphysical framework inspired by the Hindu theologian, Ramanuja (1017-1137 AD). Arguing from a philosophical perspective, the author makes a case for two things. First, there are serious philosophical problems with Sydnor's proposed framework for any branch of Christianity, and, as such, Christians should reject it. These problems include undermining scientific discovery and the intelligibility of the cosmos, an anthropomorphic conception of God, and a theology that is incompatible with the Trinity. Second, the author argues that Thomas Aquinas' existential metaphysics of participation is a better metaphysical framework for all Christians, including progressive Christians sympathetic to panentheism. This is because Aquinas' framework has some positive aspects that are similar to panentheism (God is in all things intimately, and creatures are wholly dependent on God at all times); and because it better integrates the four dimensions of the sacred Sydnor wants to preserve (a personal God, divine presence in humans and the cosmos, and cosmic intelligibility), while avoiding the perils he identifies (atheism, idolatry and violence to humans and the environment).

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