Artificial intelligence and digital inequalities: new challenges for Poland
Artificial intelligence and digital inequalities: new challenges for Poland

Summary/Abstract: The article deals with the problem of digital inequalities that may develop in Poland due to the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in all areas of contemporary social and economic life. In addition to the existing forms of digital inequalities, new ones are emerging, related to the dominance of a group of countries with the highest technological level, which are able to effectively impose new standards of economic and social development. New forms of digital inequalities, emerging alongside the rapid development of AI, go beyond the traditional issues of Internet connectivity or hardware availability. They include disparities in access to the high-quality training data, limited national capacities to develop and deploy large language models (LLMs), unequal availability of high-performance computing infrastructure, and gaps in algorithmic transparency as well as AI governance. The concise analysis presented in this article aims at indicating the strategies that Poland has implemented in the third decade of the 21st century to enable the inclusive development of AI at the national level. The research explores how Poland's national AI strategy can address internal barriers — such as underdeveloped infrastructure, limited computing capacity, and uneven distribution of digital skills — to promote more inclusive and equitable AI development. The central research question is: What strategic actions should Poland undertake to ensure a more inclusive development of artificial intelligence. The analysis uses a descriptive method to understand the factors that have a particular impact on the occurrence of digital inequalities in Poland. The results of the study show that Poland still faces many technological delays, including those in the implementation of AI solutions. This may result in a deepening of digital inequalities in the sphere of business as well as society. One strategy that seems to have the greatest positive impact on the inclusive development of AI is national and international cooperation between the public and private sectors in this area.

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