Retoričko pitanje kao instrument političke borbe: Ciceronov Prvi govor protiv Katiline
Rhetorical Question as an Instrument of Political Struggle: Cicero’s First Speech Against Catiline

Summary/Abstract: This paper explores the ways in which Cicero employs rhetorical questions in his First Speech Against Catiline as powerful tools of political struggle, moral condemnation, and audience mobilization. The rhetorical question, a question not seeking an answer but emphasizing a point, proves to be a key instrument in Cicero’s rhetorical strategy. This stylistic device plays an important role in structuring the argumentation, guiding the audience through a logical progression of the speech – from frustration to moral superiority. The author frequently uses it as a means of introducing the accusation, evidence, or proposed measures, and at times as a transition between sections of the speech. Moreover, the rhetorical question often serves to reinforce the speaker’s authority; in this case, it emphasizes Cicero’s power, moral stance, and responsibility as consul. The speaker presents himself as a protector of the Republic who does not seek answers because he already knows the truth; the rhetorical question becomes confirmation of Cicero’s role as prophet, leader, and lawgiver. The strategic use of rhetorical questions in the First Speech Against Catiline represents a pinnacle of classical rhetoric, demonstrating how a stylistic figure can become a powerful means of political action and public engagement. Cicero’s rhetorical mastery lies in his use of rhetorical questions not only to attack Catiline, but also to transform the Senate into an ally, creating a sense of inevitable action and collective responsibility in defense of the Republic.

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