Challenges Faced in Improving the Quality of E-Learning at Iraqi Higher Education Institutions
Challenges Faced in Improving the Quality of E-Learning at Iraqi Higher Education Institutions

Summary/Abstract: E-learning has progressed rapidly in many developed countries, yet in Iraq it continues to face persistent structural and practical limitations. Despite the increasing availability of modern ICT tools, universities have not been able to translate these technologies into meaningful improvements in teaching quality or student learning outcomes. The continuous decline in Iraq’s higher education ranking over the past decade reflects the depth of these challenges. This study aims to examine the factors that restrict the development of effective e-learning systems in Iraqi higher education. Using qualitative interviews with eight experts from different institutions, four key barriers were identified: limited mechanisms for capturing students’ cognitive and emotional responses, the dominance of traditional teaching styles that do not align with digital environments, outdated technological infrastructures, and weak managerial systems for monitoring and evaluating lecturers’ performance. These findings highlight the need for a more integrated and intelligent e-learning environment. The study proposes targeted directions for improvement, focusing on enhancing technological readiness, adopting tools that support cognitive emotional insight, and strengthening institutional support structures to foster higher teaching quality and more active student engagement.

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