Гунгаризми в лемківській діалектній фразеології Східної Словаччини
Hungarian loanwords in the Lemko dialect phraseology of Eastern Slovakia

Summary/Abstract: The aim of the article is to analyze phraseological units with Hungarian-origin components in the Lemko dialects of Eastern Slovakia as a manifestation of language interference and interethnic contact in regions historically inhabited by Ukrainian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Polish populations. The relevance of the study stems from the lack of systematic research on Lemko dialect phraseology in this regard and the need to identify the patterns of foreign-language element integration into the phraseological system of Ukrainian borderland dialects. The material for the analysis includes 110 dialectal phraseological units recorded in folklore and dialectological sources (particularly in the Phraseological Dictionary of the Lemko Dialects of Eastern Slovakia (1990), I. Nedel’skyi’s collection (1955), the notes of I. Yuhasevych, and other publications and scholarly works). The article describes the structural and semantic features of phraseological units with borrowed Hungarian components, focusing on their imagery, grammatical types, functional-stylistic characteristics, and degree of adaptation to the Ukrainian dialect environment. The results show that Hungarian-origin components in phraseological units serve not only a nominative function but also act as indicators of historical and cultural ties among ethnic groups. These components often reflect local specificity, material culture, social realities, and the mental traits of dialect speakers. In some cases, structural models were identified as common to several linguistic environments, which points to mutual influence in phraseo-creation. The study concludes that the phraseological system of the Lemko dialects is open to external influences while maintaining its structural integrity. Research into Hungarian borrowings in phraseology contributes to a deeper understanding of language interaction processes in multilingual borderland areas and opens up prospects for further comparative and regional studies in dialectology and phraseology.

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