СПЕЦИФИКА НА ПОЗНАВАТЕЛНИТЕ УМЕНИЯ, ФОРМИРАНИ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНИЯ ПРОЦЕС ПО МУЗИКА В НАЧАЛНОТО УЧИЛИЩЕ В БЪЛГАРИЯ
SPECIFICITY OF COGNITIVE SKILLS FORMED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF MUSIC IN PRIMARY SCHOOL IN BULGARIA

Summary/Abstract: The main focus of the presented publication is the specificity of musical cognitive activity in the primary stage of general education. Its essence, subordinated on the one hand to the general thinking process, on the other hand to the peculiarities of musical art, is examined. Cognitive skills as a structural element of competence areas, regulated by the curricula, which normatively ensure music education in Bulgarian schools, are put in focus. Each of these areas, namely - "Music practice: making music, perceiving music", "Elements of musical expression", "Music and play", "Music and society" (in the first, second and third grade) and "Music and modern technologies" (added in the fourth grade instead of "Music and society") presuppose the formation of certain knowledge, skills and attitudes. Focusing in the publication on skills implies considering their nature and distinguishing them in the National Qualification Framework of the Republic of Bulgaria in two groups - cognitive (involving the use of logical, intuitive and creative thinking), which are the main subject of study in this publication, and practical (involving dexterity and the use of methods, materials, appliances and tools). Analyzing the normative base is the foundation upon which the musical cognitive skills of first through fourth grade students are determined. To present them in an organized, hierarchical order, the B. taxonomy was used. Bloom. A significant result of the theoretical study presented is that each of the levels within it is supported by examples of specific musical, cognitive skills. Of particular importance is the exploration and presentation of some possibilities for the development of the personality structures under consideration. A special place is given to the process of algorithmization related to the formation of concepts. The conclusion is drawn that the widest range of cognitive skills is developed through the competence area "Elements of musical expression". It has a broad thematic scope, bringing together specific content topics such as "Musical Expression" in grade two, "Timbre, Character, Dynamics" in grade four), Musical Genres (in all grades from grade one to four). In the conclusion of the publication it is emphasized that the formation of musical cognitive skills of students from the first to the fourth grade is impossible if it is not supported by teachers' competences and students' motivation.

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