Școlile comunităţilor alogene din Basarabia în contextul evenimentelor social-politice de la începutul secolului al XX-lea (1905-1917)
Schools of the ethnic communities in Bessarabia in the context of social-political events of the early 20th century (1905-1917)

Summary/Abstract: In the framework of the study, we have addressed a number of issues related to the activities of schools of the ethnic communities in Bessarabia in the context of the revolutionary epoch (1905-1917), which was fully part of social-political and national transformations. The historical school experience, in particular, of two ethnic communities in Bessarabia, the Jewish and the German, proved to be relevant. In the following scholarly endeavor, we have tried to uncover the multifaceted nature of education and training in a polyethnic region troubled by revolutions, wars and related events. Based on archival documents, the attitude of the Tsarist authorities towards the schools of the German settlers in Bessarabia during World War I was revealed, which decisively determined the further development of the entire German community. The information presented makes one think about the policy of Russian strategists towards the community, which represented a belligerent side in the military conflict. In order to truly understand the reasons for the attitude of local and central authorities, which often diverged for quite understandable reasons, many educated Bessarabian Germans held positions in the administrative apparatus of the region. We synchronized the historical information with the activities of other foreign-rite schools in Bessarabia. A special chapter is presented by the change in the attitude of the tsarist authorities towards the schools of the Old Ritualists’ community, which before the revolution of 1905 was one of the most criticized religious communities. Also, the historical experience of Jewish schools (established in a foreign ethnic space and, at the same time, in a volatile revolutionary conjuncture) in the elucidation of certain aspects related to the evolution of primary education in Bessarabia and its results in the field was of particular interest for the research carried out in the chronological area indicated (the beginning of the 20th century). This study is based on unpublished archival sources found in the collections of the National Agency of Archives of the Republic of Moldova (NAA).

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