Education and Healthcare Policies to Alleviate Inequalities: The Case of MENA Countries
Education and Healthcare Policies to Alleviate Inequalities: The Case of MENA Countries

Summary/Abstract: This paper explores how education and healthcare policies can reduce ongoing inequalities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). We focus on different types of inequality, particularly educational disparities and healthcare access gaps, and examine how social policies in these areas have affected these issues. Using a comparative literature review approach, this study conducts a policy-oriented analysis of inequality in education and healthcare across MENA. Drawing on recent data and research, it evaluates the effectiveness of various reforms and programmes. The findings suggest that while economic growth has generally improved living standards in the region, the distribution of these gains remains highly uneven, with persistent gaps between affluent and marginalized groups. Policies that target education and health are crucial for closing these gaps: investing in quality education and expanding healthcare access can increase social mobility and fairness. The paper offers a set of coordinated policy suggestions—including expanding educational opportunities for disadvantaged populations and improving healthcare financing and coverage—to reduce inequalities. Ultimately, a comprehensive social policy framework, guided by human capital theory and social determinants of health, is vital for promoting inclusive development in MENA countries.

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