КОНТРОЛ НА МИОПИЯ –АКТУАЛНИ ВАРИАНТИ НА ДИОПТРИЧНИ СТЪКЛА
MYOPIA CONTROL SPECTACLE LENSES – CURRENT VERSIONS AND VARIANTS

Summary/Abstract: The incidence of myopia among the population is increasing at a rapid and steady pace on a global scale. Its occurrence and marked progression in the age of adolescents necessitates an increasing interest in studying the causes of this and taking measures to control the increase of myopic shifts among youth. Scientifically based studies are developing the application of several options. The pharmacological effect of low-dose atropine eye drops 0.01%, 0.025% and 0.05% have been studied. Other options are multifocal soft contact lenses or orthokeratology methods. Ortho K lenses are hard, gas permeable lenses that temporarily remodel the cornea during sleep. The options described so far have many limitations when it comes to a target group of school-age patients. One of the most preferred approaches is the prescription of specially designed spectacle lenses that not only correct the refractive error but also aim to limit the growth of the axial length of the eyeball. They are currently divided into several types, based on clinical and anatomical studies. Collaborative teams from various fields of vision sciences, including physical and clinical optometry, ocular and physiological optics, experimental biology, contact lens development made possible the approvement of the first lenses for myopia control at the end of 2018. Subsequently, the design and understanding of these aids has undergone dynamic growth due to the great interest and serious social significance of high-grade myopia. The ability to control axial myopia in the long term significantly reduces the risk of deterioration of visual functions and the development of complications such as peripheral and macular degeneration, destruction of the vitreous body, thinning of the retinal layers, ablation disease, and others. This paper systematizes the types of myopia control lenses available on the Bulgarian market and outlines their primary mechanisms of action. The D.I.M.S., H.A.L.T., C.A.R.E., M.P.D.L., and D.O.T. technologies are based on creating peripheral myopic defocus or modulating retinal contrast to suppress axial elongation of the eyeball. All the examined options provide clear central vision while simultaneously generating an optical stimulus to slow myopia progression. This non-invasive approach is characterized by high tolerability, good efficacy, and significant potential for widespread application in the prevention of high myopia.

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