Evaluation of Bundle Block Adjustment for 3D Geospatial Modelling Using UAV-Based Small-Format Multi-Head Camera Systems
Evaluation of Bundle Block Adjustment for 3D Geospatial Modelling Using UAV-Based Small-Format Multi-Head Camera Systems

Summary/Abstract: Aerial oblique imaging is increasingly used for high-resolution 3D geospatial data collection, particularly in urban environments. Multi-head camera systems, which integrate both nadir and oblique cameras, offer enhanced geometric coverage. The small-format multi-head camera system used in this study is designed to be lightweight and compact. However, this compactness introduces inherent limitations, resulting in trade-offs such as reduced ground coverage, limited geometric overlap between viewing directions, and constraints on integrating high-precision instruments like GNSS and INS. In this paper, we focus on relative orientation by evaluating image connectivity, image ray intersection, tiepoint multiplicity and accuracy. Our objective is to improve accuracy and optimize photogrammetric workflows by enhancing precision, reliability, automation, and efficiency, ultimately leading to higher-quality 3D reconstructions and mapping results also from small-format multi-head camera systems.

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