İslamî İlimlerde Bir Problem Olarak Hakikat ve Mecazın Cem‘i Meselesi ve Hadislerde Tezâhürü
The Issue of Combining Ḥaqīqah and Majāz as a Problem in Islamic Sciences and its Manifestation in the Ḥadīth

Summary/Abstract: This article systematically examines, through Hadith texts, the long-debated issue in the Islamic scholarly tradition concerning whether a single expression can simultaneously convey both literal (ḥaqīqī) and figurative (majāzī) meanings—the so-called “union of ḥaqīqah and majāz.” Situated at the intersection of uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of jurisprudence) and balāghah (rhetoric), the study re-evaluates classical discussions on this topic in light of the linguistic and rhetorical features of the Prophetic discourse (al-bayān alnabawī). In this respect, it complements existing Qur’an-centered studies by offering an original perspective focused on the multilayered linguistic nature of Hadith. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research first outlines the theoretical foundations of ḥaqīqah and majāz in classical uṣūl and balāghah works. It then analyzes selected Hadith examples where both meanings coexist, drawing on the interpretations of classical commentators such as al-Tībī, al-Munāwī, al-ʿAynī, and Ibn Ḥajar. The findings show that Hadith language operates not merely on a literal level but within a dynamic and layered discursive field of meaning construction. Words like yad (hand), qalb (heart), nūr (light), and hijrah (migration) illustrate how the Prophetic expression embodies remarkable eloquence and rhetorical depth. The study concludes that the coexistence of literal and figurative meanings is not merely an aesthetic choice but a powerful rhetorical device that strengthens the message’s intellectual and emotional impact. Such usage enriches the semantic scope of Hadiths, enhancing their functions of communication, moral formation, and guidance. Ultimately, the article argues for moving beyond literalist readings by reinterpreting Prophetic discourse through the lens of ḥaqīqah–majāz interplay, thereby bridging classical balāghah heritage with contemporary linguistic analysis and revealing anew the rhetorical subtleties of Prophetic eloquence to modern understanding.

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