ЕВАЛУАЦИЈА НА АНАЛГОСЕДАЦИЈА КАЈ ПАЦИЕНТИТЕ ВО ОДДЕЛЕНИЕ ЗА ИНТЕНЗИВНО ЛЕКУВАЊЕ
EVALUATION OF ANALGESEDATION IN PATIENTS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Summary/Abstract: Analgosedation is a therapeutic approach for patients in the intensive care unit, which combines analgesia and sedation to reduce pain in critically ill patients in intensive care. The condition of these patients is variable, so continuous evaluation of the level of sedation and pain is necessary in order to avoid certain complications. An individual approach to each patient, based on clinical assessments and standardized tools, leads to better outcomes, shorter mechanical ventilation and less occurrence of side effects. Drugs used to achieve appropriate sedation are midazolam, fentanyl, morphine. The goal of patient evaluation is to ensure patient safety, adjust the dose of drugs, monitor vital parameters, prevent and recognize complications in time, and document the effect of sedation. A VAS pain scale is also used for analgosedation, which is used to determine the pain in patients. The patient is asked to mark a point on the number of how much pain they feel, to measure the intensity of the pain, at first the scale starts from 0 - 3, which indicates mild pain, then from 4 - 6, which indicates moderate pain, and from 7 - 10, severe to unbearable pain. In certain cases, it is necessary to determine the level of sedation, minimal sedation occurs when the patient is awake, reacts normally, there is no disturbance in respiration, moderate sedation is when the patient is calmer, responds to verbal or gentle tactile stimulation, deep sedation is when the patient responds only to strong stimuli, in some cases breathing may be impaired. General anesthesia is used when the patient is unconscious, and mechanical ventilation is required. Nurses play a key role in monitoring these patients, documenting clinical parameters and interdisciplinary communication. The nurse in the sedation process monitors vital parameters such as saturation, pulse, respiration, assesses consciousness, monitors side effects, participates in the preparation of drugs and equipment for resuscitation. Improved education and training of nurses theoretically and practically contributes to improved care in the preoperative and postoperative period. The role of the nurse is very important and is of great special importance both in treatment and in preventing further complications. For this purpose, they should be constantly educated and upgraded so that the treatment of patients can be better.

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