Artificial intelligence in education through the economist’s lens: potential benefits and challenges
Artificial intelligence in education through the economist’s lens: potential benefits and challenges

Summary/Abstract: This paper analyzes the costs of primary and secondary education in the EU, as well as students’ digital literacy and academic performance. It argues that in some EU countries such as Bulgaria, there is no direct correlation between the resources invested in the education system (input) and student outcomes (output). The necessity to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of education is emphasized. Achieving this goal is tied to the opportunities for implementing AI-based systems (software). The potential benefits of AI at the input and output stages of the educational process are substantiated. At the input stage, benefits are linked to cost optimization (through automation of administrative tasks) and the adoption of Automated Grading and Assessment Systems. At the output stage, benefits derive from AI’s ability to personalize learning and increase student motivation (e.g., through gamification, virtual and augmented reality). Risks and challenges are examined at both the input (high implementation and maintenance costs, data quality) and output (software limitations, impact on specific competencies) stages. Recommendations are provided for prudent and ethical use of AI in education.

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