Etyczne wyzwania sztucznej inteligencji (AI) w medycynie. Analiza na wybranych przykładach
Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine. Analysis on Selected Examples

Summary/Abstract: Aim: The aim of this paper is to analyse the ethical challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine. The authors focus on specific cases to show how AI-based technologies affect ethics in the context of diagnosis, treatment and patient data management. Methods: The paper uses an analytical and descriptive approach. The authors attempted to explain specific examples of the application of AI in medicine, such as clinical decision support systems, diagnostic imaging or treatment outcome prediction. The analyses were based on existing research on ethical aspects of AI, such as data privacy, algorithmic biases and liability for errors of artificial intelligence systems. For the normative aspects, the authors refer to bioethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence to assess the impact of AI on medical practice. Results: The authors highlight the challenges of protecting patient data in AI systems, especially in the context of processing sensitive data. They also identify the risk of discrimination arising from inappropriate training data, which may lead to misdiagnosis or unequal treatment of patients. Another raised issue is the ambiguous rules in defining responsibility for errors made by artificial intelligence systems – whether the doctor, the programmer or the technology developer is responsible. The authors noted that over-reliance on AI can undermine the patient’s trust in the doctor and reduce empathy in the treatment process. They finally emphasize the need for regulations and guidelines for the implementation of AI in medicine to minimise ethical risks. Conclusions: As of today, it is difficult to foresee all the ethical challenges associated with the use of AI in medicine. This area requires vigilance and critical reflection.

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