ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИНИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО МІЩАНСТВА ТА КОЗАЦТВА НА ПОЧАТКУ ХVІ ст.: ПОДОЛАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПРОТИСТОЯННЯ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ЧЕРКАСЬКИХ УРЯДНИКІВ)
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UKRAINIAN BURSHERS AND THE COSSACKS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY: OVERCOMING OF SOCIAL CONFLICT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHERKASY MAYORS)

Summary/Abstract: The main problem of this article is the peculiarities of social relations between the Cossacks and the burghers of the border areas of Ukraine in the first half of the sixteenth century. The formation of the Cossack state is a complex multi-vector process, which was studied by leading Ukrainian scientists N. Yakovenko, V. Shcherbak, S. Lepyavko, V. Brekhunenko. Most of them agree that the main source of formation of the Cossacks in the early stages of its existence was part of the urban population. However, those categories of burghers who did not participate in the Cossacks were subject to high taxes. The new taxes were introduced by the officials of the border towns both for their own enrichment and for the purpose of maintaining the Cossack detachments, which were used to defend against the Tatar danger. Features of the new system of taxation of burghers are considered in this article on an example of administrative activity of the Cherkasy elders. Particular attention in this context is paid to the period of Ostafiy Dashkovych’s rule and the system of taxation of Cherkasy burghers introduced by him. Based on the analysis of documentary sources, it is proved that the total amount of taxes and duties during his reign increased 5-6 times. It’s led to an increase in social tensions in the city in the early 1530s. The maintenance of Cossack detachments, the sources known to us do not record evidence of caste confrontation between the Cossacks and the burghers. The article attempts to identify the factors that restrained the growth of social tensions between the Ukrainian Cossacks and the bourgeoisie. According to the author, they consist, first of all, in joint defensive actions of the Cossacks and the bourgeoisie of the border Ukrainian territories. Also important was the tax policy of local officials, which caused dissatisfaction of both groups and promoted their understanding on the basis of common hatred of local authorities.

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