„Banderowcy” i „turystyka medyczna” – o retoryce pogardy i wykluczenia wobec Ukraińców w kampanii prezydenckiej 2025 na wybranych przykładach
“Banderowcy” and “medical tourism” – rhetoric of contempt and exclusion towards Ukrainians in the 2025 presidential campaign

Summary/Abstract: This article discusses the strategies and rhetorical devices employed in the 2025 presidential campaign by two selected candidates: Grzegorz Braun and Sławomir Mentzen. The analytical material consists of their speeches and social media posts, as well as content from news portals. The analysis reveals that the candidates employ elements of the rhetoric of contempt and the discourse of exclusion, portraying Ukrainians as either the Other/Stranger or the Enemy, depending on the narrative. Words used to discredit include stereotyping labels such as “banderowiec,” “Ukropol,” “Ukropolin,” and “frajer” (sucker), which accentuate foreignness or attribute derogatory characteristics. These elements form part of nationalist discourse and are linked to either a rhetoric of morality based on national identity and tradition or a rhetoric of pragmatism based on benefit and interest.

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