УКРАЇНСЬКО-НІМЕЦЬКІ ВІДНОСИНИ У 20-Х РР. ХХ СТ
UKRAINIAN-GERMAN RELATIONS IN THE 1920S OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Summary/Abstract: This article examines Ukrainian-German relations in the 1920s. The twentieth century. It is found that the First World War and the Revolution in Ukraine were over - the divided world was "assembling" a new geopolitical map. Despite the fact that the embassy of the Ukrainian People's Republic, which was opened in 1919, still continued to function in Germany, the German authorities began an active rapprochement with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. It is established that the driving motives of the Ukrainian-Soviet-German secret rapprochement in the early 1920s were the desire to overcome the forced geopolitical isolation of Weimar Germany and Soviet Ukraine. The first step on the path of rapprochement between the Ukrainian Soviet and German governments was the signing on April 23, 1921. a special agreement on the exchange of prisoners of war and internees, according to which a Special Ukrainian Department for Prisoners of War Affairs was established at the Russian Bureau for Prisoners of War Affairs in Berlin, which had the right to enter into direct contacts with the German authorities. The exchange of diplomatic missions between the Ukrainian SSR and Germany took place after the signing of the agreement on the extension of the Treaty of Rapallo to Ukraine and other Soviet republics on November 5, 1922. V. Aussema was appointed plenipotentiary representative of the Ukrainian SSR in Germany. In addition to the embassy's activities, the Ukrainian SSR embassy in Berlin was also responsible for espionage activities. Members of the Ukrainian SSR embassy monitored the UPR embassy and the Petliura emigration and reported in letters to their leadership on the state of affairs. In connection with the establishment of diplomatic relations with Soviet Ukraine, in January 1923. The police president of Berlin informed the UNR ambassador Roman Smal-Stotsky about the recognition of the Ukrainian SSR by the German State and invited him to leave the embassy premises. And on February 6, 1923, without waiting for the decision of the judicial bodies, the UNR embassy in Berlin was closed. With the formation of the USSR, on August 1, 1923, the Republican People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs was also liquidated, and in particular, the Ukrainian SSR embassy in Germany was also liquidated. From now on, the German embassy was based in Moscow, and from 1923, foreign representatives were to be appointed to Ukrainian cities only as consuls general or consuls with an exequatur issued in Moscow. Thus, during 1923-1924, Germany opened its consular offices in Kharkiv, Kyiv, and Odessa.

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