Problemy z dyscypliną wojskową w oddziałach polskich w czasie polsko‑ukraińskich walk o Lwów w listopadzie 1918 r. (w kontekście modernistycznej koncepcji narodu)
Problems with military discipline in Polish units during the Polish‑Ukrainian battle of Lviv in November 1918 (in the context of the modernist theory of nation)

Summary/Abstract: The Polish‑Ukrainian battle of Lviv in November 1918 has been strongly mythologised. Authors of studies from the interwar period and memoirs avoided accusations against the participants of the battle. There was a common belief in the need to respect their military effort. The analysis of sources presented in this article indicates that the initially spontaneous and partisan nature of the clashes, and then the battle in the hometown, contributed to problems with military discipline. In the first days, there was chaos in terms of command. In the following days of the battle, the Supreme Command of the Polish Army and officers tried to introduce strict rules of discipline. However, in the units there were still cases of insubordination and desertion. Officers reported robberies, beatings and even murders. The military authorities made an effort and reacted to the offences, and consequences were drawn. It seems that most offences against discipline were caused by chaos, ordinary human needs, and the desire for entertainment. There were also common criminals in the army.

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