UKRAYNA KOZAK HETMANLIĞI’NIN ANLAŞMAZLIKLAR VE İTTİFAKLAR DÂHİLİNDEKİ DIŞ POLİTİKASI (1621-1652)
FOREIGN POLICY OF THE UKRAINIAN COSSACK HETMANATE REGARDING DISPUTES AND ALLIANCES (1621-1652)

Summary/Abstract: The Ukrainian Cossack Hetmanate was established on Khortitza Island by Dmytro Vyshnevetsky in 1552. The main segment of the state was made up of Zaporozhian Cossacks. Because they depended on plunder and pillage for their livelihood, they repeatedly raided Crimea and Anatolia. Following these raids, the First Polish Campaign was launched, and Khotyn Fortress was besieged. After the campaign, the Ukrainian Cossack Hetmanate terminated its alliance with Poland and began to establish rapprochement with the Crimean Khanate. However, the Zaporozhian Cossacks' continued raids on Crimea thwarted this rapprochement. The Ottoman Empire even assigned galleys to patrol the Black Sea in response to the Zaporozhian Cossacks' increasing raids. Between 1628 and 1638, a power struggle within the Ukrainian Cossack Hetmanate halted the raids to some extent. However, as a result of this struggle, the Zaporozhian Cossacks came to live under Polish rule for ten years (1638-1648). However, the re-established Ukrainian Cossack Hetmanate in 1648, under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, took a different path in foreign policy. Hetman Khmelnytskyi allied with the Crimean Khanate and, by requesting "vassalage," placed the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the protection of the Ottoman Empire. Consequently, during this period of vassalage, the Ukrainian Cossack Hetmanate maintained a period of alliance with the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, with which it had previously been at odds.

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