Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Ekmek: Toplum ve Ekonomi Üzerindeki Etkiler
Bread in the Early Republican Era: Impact on Society and Economy

Summary/Abstract: This study aims to analyze bread production, changes in bread prices, and crises in the production and supply of bread in the early period of the Republic of Türkiye, between 1923 and 1950. Factors such as droughts, economic depressions, wars and agricultural problems led to an increase in bread prices and deepened social impacts. In addition to being the staple food of the people, bread was associated with problems such as poverty and class inequality. Especially in the 1930s, which coincided with the aftermath of the economic crisis of 1929, and especially during World War II, the increase in bread prices and the difficulties experienced in obtaining this food product, which was the staple of consumption for low-income groups, caused these social classes to suffer. In the Early Republican period, various measures were taken against crises and bread prices were controlled and monitored. In particular, law enforcement officers inspected bread production facilities to prevent black market activities. Different types of bread were also produced according to the periodic conditions in order to minimize the effects of the famines. As a state policy, reports were prepared on how to increase grain production, seed improvement projects were developed, and the state met the seed needs of farmers during periods of natural disasters, especially floods and droughts. This study, which utilizes the Document Analysis Method, one of the methods of historical research, has benefited from the Ottoman Archives, the Republican Archives, the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, newspapers, copyright and research works.

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