The triple threat: Understanding the effects of cyber threats, corruption, and money laundering on the business environment
The triple threat: Understanding the effects of cyber threats, corruption, and money laundering on the business environment

Summary/Abstract: Research background: Cyber threats, corruption and money laundering are interconnectedfactors that pose significant challenges to the business environment. Their impact varies basedon a country's economic development and the effectiveness of countermeasures. Despiteglobal and national efforts to combat these threats, their combined influence on businessconditions requires further examination.Purpose of the article: This study aims to analyse the impact of cyber threats, corruption, andmoney laundering on the business environment across different country groups. It identifiesthe most vulnerable aspects of business to triple threats and highlights countries exhibitinganomalies in their ability to counter these illegal practices.Methods: The research utilises data from 125 countries, incorporating the Basel Anti-MoneyLaundering Index, the National Cyber Security Index, and the Corruption Perceptions Index.Correlation analysis established statistically significant relationships between these threatsand business conditions. Cluster analysis identified three country groups based on GDP, easeof doing business, and countermeasure effectiveness. Canonical analysis determined the mostaffected business sectors, while neural network modelling revealed countries with exception-ally high or low effectiveness in combating these threats.Findings & value added: The most affected areas include tax payments, international trade,contract enforcement, electricity access, and insolvency procedures. Among developed coun-tries, Denmark, Finland, and Norway demonstrate high effectiveness in countering thesethreats, whereas Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Greece show lower efficiency. In developing nations,China, Thailand, and Kazakhstan exhibit strong countermeasures, while Egypt, Ghana, andGrenada lag behind. Among the least developed countries, Mozambique and Nicaragua showhigh effectiveness, while Venezuela and Yemen fall into the low-performance category. Thesefindings provide a foundation for enhancing national policies and strategies to strengtheneconomic security and resilience against financial crimes and cyber threats.

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