ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES

Summary/Abstract: Technological advancements have transformed contemporary societies, allowing for the proliferation of Artificial Intelligence. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence has raised several concerns regarding the impact of artificial intelligence on fundamental rights. The European Union (EU) has addressed the problems arising from the adoption of Artificial Intelligence in regulation, policy, and legal challenges. This article examines the multifaceted relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and fundamental rights within the European Union (EU), highlighting the legal, ethical, and governance challenges posed by rapidly advancing AI technologies. It outlines the EU’s foundational rights framework - rooted in the Charter of Fundamental Rights, international human rights instruments, and the European Convention on Human Rights - and analyses how AI systems intersect with key rights, including privacy and data protection, equality and non-discrimination, freedom of expression and information, human dignity, autonomy, and procedural safeguards. The paper reviews major regulatory instruments such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the proposed AI Act, emphasizing their risk-based approaches, obligations for high-risk systems, and implications for accountability and human oversight.

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