Tumulii nr. 9 și nr. 10 de la Novosiolovca (raionul Taraclia, Republica Moldova). Date arheologice și antropologice
The barrows no. 9 and no. 10 from Novosiolovca (Taraclia district, Republic of Moldova). Archaeological and anthropological data

Summary/Abstract: This article presents the results of archaeological research carried out in 2022 at Novosiolovca, Taraclia district, Republic of Moldova. Two Bronze Age barrows were investigated. Barrow No. 9 contained six graves attributed to the Mnogovalikovaya and Sabatinovka cultures, the Sarmatians, and one grave likely belonging to mediaeval Turanics. The cultural attribution of the primary feature could not be established due to its state of preservation and the lack of clear cultural indicators. Graves of the Mnogovalikovaya culture are notable for the use of stone slabs as coverings for the burial chambers. One inventory item identified in grave no. 3 is represented by a circular stone buckle. Barrow no. 10 contained six graves, all attributed to the Yamnaya culture, showing multiple similarities in terms of grave arrangement. Palaeoanthropological analysis of the skeletal remains of 12 individuals indicates that most were adults, with a male predominance (seven men, one woman, and four indeterminate skeletons). For three men, a tall stature with robust build was estimated. Various pathologies and anomalies were observed, including osteoarthritis, spina bifida occulta, granuloma, bone perforations, and the presence of a metopic suture. Dental anthropological analysis of the skeletons from barrows 9 and 10 at Novosiolovca was carried out through the assessment of dental wear and non-metric traits. Dental wear varied from low to advanced stages, reflecting differences in diet and eating behaviour. Non-metric traits, which have a strong genetic basis, were identified through comparison with reference plaques and allow the assessment of intra- and inter-population biodiversity and genetic relationships. Notable features include the presence of deciduous teeth in the permanent dentition, additional cusps, and morphological variations in premolars and molars. Antemortem dental fractures indicate the consumption of hard foods. The study highlights the biological and phenotypic diversity of Bronze Age populations and provides essential information for reconstructing the biological profile of individuals, contributing to the understanding of mobility, adaptations, and genetic relationships within ancient communities.

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