İşrâkî ve Sâbiî Ontolojide Düalizm Temelli Varlık Anlayışı
Dualistic-based Understanding of Existence in Ishrāqi and Sabian Ontology

Summary/Abstract: In the domain of thought, it is evident that nearly every intellectual tradition has been influenced by preceding cultures, civilizations, and their respective ideas. Islamic philosophy is no exception to this phenomenon. Within this framework, a critical examination of the Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) philosophy founded by Shihāb al-Dīn alSuhrawardī (d. 587/1191), is imperative. Ishrāqī philosophy, which is characterised by its eclecticism and predominantly intuitive mode of thinking, draws from the philosophical and mystical schools of antiquity. Suhrawardī regarded the various ancient sources of wisdom from both Eastern and Western traditions as part of a unified perennial philosophy and saw himself as the inheritor of this eternal wisdom. In this regard, Suhrawardī’s philosophy of illumination is said to have been influenced by divine knowledge and Sufism in its mystical dimension, Neoplatonism and Peripatetic philosophy in its theoretical dimension, Zoroastrianism and ancient Persian religions in terms of culture, and Hermeticism in terms of esoteric wisdom. However, in addition to these, it can also be suggested that other traditions such as Sabeanism and Indian metaphysics had an impact on the emergence of this philosophy. The present study, we will compare the dualistic understandings of Illuminationism and Sabeanism within the framework of their respective ontological conceptions. The research elucidates Suhrawardī’s conception of being and the ontology of the Sabean faith which, although originally a divine religion, has adopted various forms throughout history under religious, philosophical, and political factors. This is achieved by means of a comparative analysis of their dualistic elements. The study, explores how the idea of dualism is reflected in both Sabeanism and Suhrawardī’s Illuminationist philosophy in terms of metaphysics, highlighting both similarities and differences between the two traditions. This study concludes Sabeanism and Illuminationism have developed interpretations that resemble dualistic thought in both Islamic and modern sources. The ontological conceptions manifested as light-darkness in Sabeanism and as light-darkness in Illuminationism can be seen as foundational to the overall philosophical systems of both traditions.

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