THE IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT LEVELS, WORKFORCE (RE)QUALIFICATION, INCOME STRUCTURES, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENTS, AND COLLECTIVE LABOUR DISPUTES
THE IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT LEVELS, WORKFORCE (RE)QUALIFICATION, INCOME STRUCTURES, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENTS, AND COLLECTIVE LABOUR DISPUTES

Summary/Abstract: This paper provides an institutional and labor-market analysis of how automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are reshaping employment in Romania, distinguishing between the private and public sectors. It examines the direct effects on employment levels, (re)training and occupational mobility, wage dynamics, collective bargaining, and the emergence and resolution of collective labor disputes and strikes. The study integrates empirical findings from OECD and ILO literature on occupational exposure to automation, as well as insights from national labor-law frameworks governing collective conflicts, and proposes an operational policy framework. Main conclusion: Over the next 24–36 months, the dominant trend will not be “total replacement” but rather a reconfiguration of roles and a polarization of skills and incomes, with a significant rise in transformed – not merely displaced – employees.

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