Реалност и предизвикателства при интегрирането на дигитални технологии в началното образование анализ на педагогически практики
Realities and Challenges in the Integration of Digital Technologies in Primary Education: an Analysis of Pedagogical Practices

Summary/Abstract: Digitalisation in education, including in primary schooling, is increasingly recognised as a key factor in transforming contemporary learning processes. In this context, the article aims to explore actual practices and challenges in the integration of digital technologies in Bulgarian primary education. A mixed-methods design was applied, combining semi-structured interviews with 44 primary teachers and classroom observations of 44 lessons, analysed through the Digital Technology Impact Framework – DTIF. The study contributes by comparing declared and observed practices in relation to the three functions of digital technologies (supporting, extending, and transforming) and by analysing regional differences. The results reveal that technologies are most frequently used in a supporting role – for visualisation and consolidation of knowledge; extending practices remain limited, while transformative ones are rare. The comparative analysis demonstrates that larger urban areas exhibit more creative and innovative applications of digital technologies, whereas traditional uses dominate in smaller localities. The study highlights the need for targeted institutional support and professional development to move beyond basic digital integration towards practices with higher pedagogical value.

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