Somogytúr-Hegyalja-dűlő régészeti lelőhely komplex vizsgálata. Adatok egy késő vonaldíszes település keltezéséhez, valamint mezőgazdaság- és környezettörténetéhez
Complex investigation of Somogytúr-Hegyalja-dűlő archaeological site: data to the dating of a late Central European Linear Pottery Culture settlement and to its agricultural and environmental history

Summary/Abstract: The preventive excavation carried 2021 at Somogytúr-Hegyalja-dűlő archaeological site revealed a Neolithic settlement associated with the Central European Linear Pottery culture (LBK), more specifically its later, so-called Keszthely-style phase. The aim of the interdisciplinary research was to reconstruct the settlement structure, chronology, subsistence strategies, and environmental context of the Neolithic community by integrating archaeological, archaeobotanical and geoarchaeological (soil scientific) data. The excavations uncovered a range of features, including storage pits, longpits (Längsgrube), postholes, a mass grave, and grinding stone depots, alongside a rich ceramic assemblage. The detailed typological analysis of the pottery from those pits that were sampled for archaeobotanical analysis indicates multiple occupation phases within the later and latest LBK horizon, with stylistic elements overlapping with the early Zseliz-style. Radiocarbon dates obtained from charred plant remains from two pits place the settlement in the period between ca. 5200 and 4700 BCE, supporting evidence of long-term habitation ending in the late phase of the LBK. Carpological analysis of 112.4 kg of sediment samples yielded numerous cultivated and wild plant remains, confirming the significance of cereal cultivation (e.g., einkorn and emmer) and legume use (e.g., lentils) in the subsistence practices of the settlement. The phytolith analysis conducted on grinding stone surfaces provided additional insights into crop processing activities and the plant-based economy. Soil and geomorphological investigations revealed that the settlement was located at the edge of a higher plateau, adjacent to alluvial sediments, within a varied microenvironment. Based on its geographical and chronological context, the site fits well into the pattern of late LBK settlements along the southern shore of Lake Balaton, showing material culture links with sites such as Balatonszárszó-Kis-erdei-dűlő (Style groups 3 and 4) and Keszthely-Lendl Adolf út. The results of the interdisciplinary study contribute significant new data to our understanding of Neolithic settlement organization, material culture, and plant-based subsistence strategies in western Hungary. The Somogytúr site exemplifies the complexity and regional diversity of Neolithic lifeways in the Carpathian Basin.

• Details
• Contents