LA STRUCTURE ENONCIATIVE DANS LA LODYANS (DIALOGISME, DEDOUBLEMENT ENONCIATIF, PRONOM « ON »)
ENUNCIATIVE STRUCTURE IN LODYANS (DIALOGISM, ENUNCIATIVE DOUBLING, THE PRONOUN “ON”)

Summary/Abstract: Haitian lodyans, initially belonging to popular oral literature, marked a transition to the written semiotic mode by inspiring many authors whose works – very varied in their genres, forms, motifs and tones – have retained significant elements of oral lodyans. Our interdisciplinary analysis aims to shed light on elements of lodyans from their oral past, that is to say, marks of orality, which can be found in some great Haitian authors. The genre underwent a transition from the oral semiotic mode to the written mode, which took place at a specific moment in history – in 1906 (when Justin Lhérisson published his lodyans titled Zoune chez sa Ninnaine, in Port-auPrince) subsequently influencing many authors (J.-S. Alexis, G. Anglade and R. Depestre, among others). The corpus analysed for the purposes of this study consists of the works of four authors: Georges Anglade (1944–2010), Leurs jupons dépassent; Justin Lhérisson (1873–1907), La famille des Pitite-Caille et Zoune chez sa ninnaine; Jacques-Stephen Alexis (1922–1961), Romancéro aux étoiles; and René Depestre (1926), Hadriana dans tous mes rêves. We have based our analysis on the French theory of enunciation. Qualitative analysis of the enunciative structure in the Haitian literary genre, lodyans, has allowed us to highlight the key elements from the oral past of this genre. The purpose of our study was to explore several examples from the works of various Haitian authors who have been influenced by oral lodyans – from short stories to more complex narratives and the novel genre. All of them bear witness to certain common characteristics, of which we will mention in particular: the character of the lodyanseur, whose names vary according to the author and the work (Le Vieux Vent Caraïbe, Scylla Syllabaire, Golimin, etc.), the situation of enunciation specific to the lodyans where the roles of locutor and enunciator are attributed to the lodyanseur, the presence of his interlocutor and enunciator(énonciataire).

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