ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ ОРУЖИЯ В ТЮРКО-МОНГОЛЬСКОМ АРЕАЛЕ: ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ ТИПОЛОГИЯ
WEAPON TERMINOLOGY IN THE TURKO-MONGOLIC AREA: A LEXICO-SEMANTIC TYPOLOGY

Summary/Abstract: The study develops a lexico-semantic typology of weapon terminology across the Turko-Mongolic area. The aim is to build a verifiable “term ↔ artifact” mapping and demonstrate its explanatory power. We combine comparative-historical, cognitive-semantic, typological-structural and corpus methods, drawing on Old Turkic and Mongolic texts, lexicography and archaeological reports. A four-criterion validation (semantic, constructive, chronological, areal-cultural) with an A/B/C confidence scale is introduced. A fiveclass functional typology (offensive, defensive, ranged, cavalry/horse gear, ritual-status) is established, revealing a core-periphery structure; key sets (qılış, nayza, sadaq/jebe, qalqan, sawyt, dūlyğa; nöker, olja, köbe) are analyzed via derivation and collocations. Findings show the “hard core” terms consistently align with artifact morphology, while the periphery captures metaphorization and socio-ritual shifts. The results support lexicography, museum attribution, and digital ontologies of arms.

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