The Rich Architectural Heritage of Azerbaijani Fortresses: Gulustan Fortress
The Rich Architectural Heritage of Azerbaijani Fortresses: Gulustan Fortress

Summary/Abstract: This article examines the historical, architectural, and cultural significance of Gulustan Fortress, one of the most prominent medieval fortresses in the Shamakhi region of Azerbaijan. Through a combination of historical-analytical, archaeological-ethnographic, and source-critical methodologies, the research explores the castle's evolution, strategic role, and architectural features. The study particularly focuses on the period of the Shirvanshahs (11th–16th centuries), when Gulustan Fortress served as a major political center and military stronghold. Archaeological findings, including ceramic artifacts, metalwork, underground water systems, and architectural remains, are analyzed to shed light on the region's material culture and architectural traditions. Historical records from travelers such as Adam Olearius, Fyodor Kotov, and Anthony Jenkinson are used to reconstruct the castle's historical context and its role during major political-military events, including the Mongol invasions and Safavid-Shirvanshah conflicts. The article concludes that Gulustan Castle not only played a vital defensive and political role in medieval Azerbaijan but also represents a significant element of the country’s architectural heritage, whose study contributes to understanding the broader evolution of fortress construction in the region. The research highlights the importance of preserving and promoting Azerbaijan's historical-architectural heritage for future generations.

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