Câteva aspecte sociale și educaționale ale culturii femeilor în Albania secolului XX
Some social and educational aspects of women's culture in twentieth-century Albania

Summary/Abstract: Albanian society has gone through great social and political changes, including the transition between two dictatorships to a pluralistic and democratic society. In addition to political issues, it is interesting to observe those of a social, educational and gender nature; in this regard, an analysis can be made regarding the status of women in the Land of Eagles relative to the period of socialist realism by considering its social and educational aspects. Starting from a traditional view of women, the thought goes to some of the articles of the Kanun Code from which emerges her role strongly influenced by patriarchal traditions and social expectations related to marriage, in fact at that time woman was often seen solely as “a wineskin, made only to bear: a small wineskin that bears burdens and labors” (art. 29), or as “something superfluous in the family [...] with no obligation to obtain any inheritance from her relatives nor economic and decision-making power over her property” (art. 20), she had no right to choose her husband nor rights over her offspring. The social and cultural situation changed considerably over time, bringing positive effects in the era of the fascist dictatorship and in the communist dictatorship. In this research I aimed to emphasize the ways in which women lived during the period of Enver Hoxa's dictatorship, highlighting their role in Albanian society often hovering between tradition and change.In this regard, one positive aspect of that historical period was the implementation of laws in favor of gender equality with regard to guaranteeing employment for all women. See the jobs in factories, offices and schools as schoolteachers (mesuesit), women participated in military activities, undergoing training as demanding as that reserved for men, holding important positions both in the regular armed forces and in territorial defense militias. The 'task of defending the nation was incumbent on all even the teachers who were required to impart knowledge and also to promote a communist ideology, as an active support in the anti-religious struggle, along with the mission reserved for the realization of the identity and formation of the person from the perspective of the principles of Marxism Leninism. Written and oral testimonies speak of an active role in the course of the anti-fascist resistance as well, through participation in partisan associations, “the union of Albanian anti-fascist women” and engagement in the role of proud female soldiers in the act of defending the homeland.

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