ВИД НОМИНАЛИЗАЦИЙОХ НА -НЄ/-ЦЕ У РУСКИМ И ЙОМУ ЗРОДНИХ И СУШЕДНИХ ЯЗИКОХ
ASPECT OF NJE/CE-NOMINALIZATIONS IN PANNONIAN RUSYN AND ITS RELATED AND NEIGHBORING LANGUAGES

Summary/Abstract: This paper examines the morphosyntactic properties of nominalizations ending in -nje/-ce in Pannonian Rusyn from a comparative, contrastive, and contact perspective. The primary objective of the study is to compare the morphosyntactic behavior of these nominalizations in Pannonian Rusyn with their counterparts in Ukrainian, Slovak, and Serbo-Croatian. These languages are selected for comparison based on their historical and geographical proximity to Panonian Rusyn. Ukrainian and Slovak are genetically closely related to Pannonian Rusyn, while Serbo-Croatian is the language with which Pannonian Rusyn is in the most intense contact.The focus of the study is specifically on the aspectual properties of the base verbs from which these nominalizations are derived. The analysis pays particular attention to the relative proportions of perfective and imperfective stems in these nominalizations, as the verbal aspect is known to be a salient grammatical category in Slavic languages. Through this comparison, the study aims to determine whether Panonian Rusyn nominalizations align more closely with the East Slavic (Ukrainian), West Slavic (Slovak), or South Slavic (Serbo-Croatian) patterns of nominalization.To achieve the research objectives, comparable corpora were compiled for each of the languages under study. These corpora consisted of one issue from an academic journal in the field of literary and cultural studies in each language. The corpora were systematically searched for nominalizations ending in -nje/-ce (and counterparts). The extracted nominalizations were annotated based on the aspect of the base verb, distinguishing between perfective stems on the one hand and imperfective and biaspectual stems on the other. Two measures of the ratio of perfective stems were used to quantify the distribution of verbal aspect in nominalizations. The first measure was based on token count, which considered all individual instances of nominalizations. The second measure was based on type count, where multiple occurrences of the same nominalization lexeme were counted as one.The findings indicate that Panonian Rusyn nominalizations align most closely with Serbo-Croatian on both measures of perfective-to-imperfective ratio. Specifically, Panonian Rusyn, like Serbo-Croatian, exhibits a relatively low proportion of nominalizations derived from perfective stems, with both languages showing less than 20% of perfective nominalizations. This contrasts sharply with Ukrainian, where nominalizations from perfective stems make up over 50% of the total. In Slovak, the results were more variable, with a significant discrepancy between the type-based measure (47.8%) and the token-based measure (33.8%).The study also includes an analysis of the productivity of nominalizations across the languages, calculated based on the proportion of hapaxes, or nominalizations occurring only once, within the corpus. In this regard, Serbo-Croatian nominalizations from imperfective (and biaspectual) verbs were found to be significantly more productive than those from perfective verbs. Panonian Rusyn, on the other hand, showed no such strong distinction in productivity between aspects, aligning more closely with Ukrainian in this respect. These results suggest that while Pannonian Rusyn may have converged toward a South Slavic pattern of nominalization through contact with Serbo-Croatian, it retains some distinctive features, particularly in terms of productivity across verbal aspects.

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