Representing citizens' interests after more than three decades of democracy
Representing citizens' interests after more than three decades of democracy

Summary/Abstract: Over three decades after its democratic transition, Romania continues to face significant challenges in ensuring effective political representation. While the Constitution formally guarantees citizen participation and equality before the law, a persistent gap remains between institutional representation and citizens’ actual influence over public decision-making. This article examines both formal and informal mechanisms of representation, emphasizing the disconnect between decisions made in the name of citizens and those reflecting their genuine interests. Particular attention is given to the systemic underrepresentation of vulnerable groups—women, persons with disabilities, national minorities, and the LGBTQI+ community—and the symbolic nature of their participation. Using a qualitative methodology that includes legislative analysis, case studies (e.g., the "Train Ordinance"), and comparative perspectives, the study reveals that political influence is often contingent on strategic relevance rather than democratic fairness. The article also explores how media fragmentation, plebiscitary leadership, and the lack of institutional accountability further weaken Romania’s representative democracy. It concludes by recommending structural reforms to enhance inclusivity, co-designed policymaking, and ongoing accountability, arguing that without a substantial transformation of participatory and representational frameworks, Romania risks a deepening crisis of democratic legitimacy.

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