УСКЛАЂЕНОСТ АНАЛОГИЈА У УЏБЕНИЦИМА ФИЗИКЕ ЗА ЗАВРШНИ РАЗРЕД ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ У СРБИЈИ И РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ СА TWA МОДЕЛОМ
THE ALIGNMENT OF ANALOGIES IN PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS FOR THE FINAL GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL IN SERBIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA WITH THE TWA MODEL

Summary/Abstract: Regardless of all the changes brought by modern educational technology, textbooks still hold an important place in teaching and learning. Therefore, the quality of textbooks remains an important and relevant issue. This quality can be viewed in many different ways, considering the multitude of factors on which it depends. One approach is to analyze how and to what extent analogies are applied in textbooks. Analogies are a tool that, when applied appropriately, can significantly facilitate the learning of content, especially that which is difficult to understand. This paper presents the results of a study in which physics textbooks approved for use in the final grade of primary school in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska (a total of 10 textbooks) were analyzed. The analysis focused on the extent to which the analogies present in the textbooks were aligned with the requirements of the TWA model, one of the most well-known models for the effective application of analogies in learning. The results show that analogies with few elements of the TWA model predominate, meaning that most analogies are applied in a simpler manner that does not provide the optimal effects of their application. Of the total of 119 analogies registered in all the textbooks, none contained all the steps outlined by the TWA model. Based on the results obtained in our research, as well as on the results of other studies, we have formulated pedagogical recommendations. It is necessary for both textbook authors and teachers to be better acquainted with the benefits of applying analogies in learning and with the appropriate ways of applying them (one such possibility is to become familiar with the TWA model). For textbook authors, this would allow their textbooks to be of higher quality, and for teachers, it would enable them to create good analogies and use them effectively in teaching, as well as to supplement textbook analogies with the necessary elements if they do not contain all the elements required for their optimal application.

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