WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DECENTRALIZED INDONESIA: POLICY COHERENCE AND MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE IN YOGYAKARTA
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DECENTRALIZED INDONESIA: POLICY COHERENCE AND MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE IN YOGYAKARTA

Summary/Abstract: In many developing nations, regulatory fragmentation across multiple government levels creates challenges,urban waste management in decentralized systems creates a difficult governance issue. This paper examines theconsistency of waste management regulations in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, utilizing a policy coherence frameworknested inside a multi-level governance (MLG) viewpoint. It analyses four main regulatory tools—Law No.18/2008, Governor Regulation of Yogyakarta No. 16/2021, Yogyakarta City Regulation no. 9/2024, andYogyakarta Mayor Regulation No. 57/2023—to evaluate vertical, horizontal, and internal policy alignment. Usingqualitative content analysis, this paper shows that although the laws have no official legal conflict, operationalgoals, language, and institutional function definitions nonetheless differ. Lack of national mandates andsubnational implementation plans causes vertical coherence to be compromised. City-level actors' horizontalcooperation among planning agency and environmental services agency is uneven, hence creating overlaps andinefficiencies. Moreover, internal consistency remains a problem; certain regulations have no obviousimplementation or monitoring tools. Though acknowledged in normative frameworks, the study also emphasizesthe underused function of community involvement and informal actors. This disparity reduces the impact ofbottom-up integration inside the government structure. Based on the results, there is a need for regulatoryharmonization, sectoral cooperation, and participatory procedures in improving policy consistency. This studyprovides recommendations for improving institutional alignment in urban waste management systems and addsto the larger conversation on environmental governance in decentralized settings.

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