Searching for the Right Path: Segregation, Integration, and Inclusion
Searching for the Right Path: Segregation, Integration, and Inclusion

Summary/Abstract: The research examines the three most well-known educational strategies concerning Roma children from theoretical and practical perspectives. Numerous studies and articles widely discuss segregation, integration, and inclusion; however, their practical implementation in everyday life often goes beyond the frameworks presented in academic literature. Between 2020 and 2024, a research project investigated these three educational strategies with a strong emphasis on practical considerations. The primary focus of the academic work was on the factors influencing the institutional attendance of preschool-aged Roma children in Harghita County. Data was collected from four major zones of Harghita County: Odorheiu - Secuiesc, Miercurea Ciuc, Gheorgheni, and Cristuru Secuiesc, where various kindergartens were visited. Segregated and integrated groups were observed, and interviews were conducted with kindergarten teachers and the parents of attending children. The findings revealed that most preschool-aged Roma children in Harghita County are enrolled in segregated educational settings. Integrated education was observed at only two sites: the Ficánka Kindergarten in Odorheiu-Secuiesc and another anonymous kindergarten in the rural region of Odorheiu-Secuiesc. The results highlighted unique perspectives: we learned about the challenges faced by rural kindergartens operating in segregated and integrated groups and gained first-hand insights into the difficulties outlined by the educators themselves. At the Ficánka Kindergarten Center in Odorheiu-Secueisc, segregated and integrated groups are present; however, inclusion efforts are still in their early stages. The long-term goals of the Ficánka Kindergarten include implementing a fully inclusive strategy, although such a goal requires complex infrastructural development. We did not find any kindergarten within Harghita County that currently embodies a fully inclusive educational approach. From a practical perspective, inclusion remains uncharted, yet pursuing long-term inclusive goals is unquestionably worthwhile.

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