Exploring Crime Against Women in India: socio-economic and spatial dimensions
Exploring Crime Against Women in India: socio-economic and spatial dimensions

Summary/Abstract: Crimes against women (CAW) remain a critical social issue in India, de-spite legislative efforts and economic progress. This study analyzes CAW trends acrossIndian states from 2012 to 2022, focusing on the relationship between crime rates andsocio-economic indicators such as literacy, GDP, and unemployment. By utilizing de-scriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and spatial mapping, the research pro-vides empirical insights into regional disparities in gender-based violence and its asso-ciation with economic and social determinants. Data from authoritative sources such asthe National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), National Commission for Women (NCW),World Bank, and the Statistical Handbook of NCW inform this analysis. The findings re-veal significant correlations between unemployment and overall crime rates, indicatingeconomic distress as a driving factor in gender-based violence. Conversely, the weak as-sociation between GDP growth and crime reduction challenges traditional assumptionsthat economic prosperity alone mitigates violence. The study argues that higher literacymay enhance reporting and awareness but does not necessarily reduce violence, espe-cially in patriarchal settings. Spatial analysis highlights persistent regional disparities,with states like Assam, Odisha, and Haryana exhibiting consistently high crime rates.The results emphasize region-specific policy interventions, particularly in high-crimestates such as Assam, Odisha, and Haryana, where enforcement mechanisms and survi-vor support require urgent strengthening. The study underscores the importance of in-tegrating statistical correlations with sociological insights, advocating for multi-sectoralapproaches to crime prevention. Future research should explore qualitative dimensionsto enrich governance strategies and inform data-driven policy development aimed atsafeguarding women’s rights and enhancing institutional accountability.

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