From Space to the Battlefield: Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Use of Satellite Technologies in the Russo-Ukrainian War
From Space to the Battlefield: Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Use of Satellite Technologies in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Summary/Abstract: The integration of satellite technologies into the Russo-Ukrainian War has redefined the strategic role of space-based assets in contemporary warfare, revealing their dual-use nature and the associated legal, ethical, and strategic challenges. This research critically examines the transformative impact of satellite systems, highlighting their contributions to military operations, including real-time reconnaissance, secure communications, and precision navigation, while also addressing their vulnerabilities to cyberattacks and systemic risks. Through the lens of this conflict, the study explores the complex interplay between commercial and state-operated satellite networks and their implications for international security and space governance. The analysis exposes critical deficiencies in existing legal frameworks, particularly the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which inadequately addresses the growing militarization and commercialization of space activities. Ethical concerns are compounded by the increasing reliance on artificial intelligence and autonomous systems in satellite-linked operations, challenging traditional norms of accountability under international humanitarian law. Furthermore, the dual-use nature of satellite technologies raises urgent questions regarding the protection of civilian infrastructure and the governance of non-state actors in conflict zones. This study advocates for a robust and comprehensive approach to space governance, integrating legal reforms, ethical safeguards, and multilateral diplomacy. It proposes actionable policy frameworks aimed at balancing technological innovation with global security imperatives, ensuring that satellite technologies support a peaceful, equitable, and sustainable future in space governance.

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