Potencjał chłodzący terenów zieleni na przykładzie parków miejskich Poznania i Wrocławia
Cooling potential of green areas on the example of urban parks in Poznań and Wrocław

Summary/Abstract: Several studies indicate the cooling effect of urban greenery and their influence on mit-igating the urban heat island effect. The results of studies can differ significantly based on variousfactors, with the primary factor being the research methods. This study aims to indicate a universalmethod for assessing the impact of green areas on the thermal environment using satellite images.Pilot studies were conducted for two cities, Poznań and Wrocław. Publicly available satellite scenesfrom Landsat 8–9 and Copernicus project data were used. The findings indicate that there are mod-erate variations in land cover between different cities, as well as significant differences in the numberand types of parks. In Wrocław, 73 parks were identified, with 66% of them being forest parks. InPoznań, there were 48 parks, and 83% of them were predominantly grassy areas. In the case of surfacewaters and forest areas, the average land surface temperature was 28.8–30°C, while for squares andbuildings, it was 36.2–36.7°C. Studies have shown that the range of the land surface temperatureresulting from the land cover is about 11°C and that green areas play a crucial role in cooling thesurroundings of parks. In Poznań, the average temperatures in the 0–100 m buffer were 0.6°C lowerthan in the 100–200 m buffer, in Wrocław this difference was 0.7°C. The temperature in the 0–100m buffer was influenced by the vegetation index for parks (NDVI) and the height of buildings, and inthe case of the 100–200 buffer around the park, also by the sealing of the surface. The methodologydeveloped and adopted in the study of two cities allows for extending the research to other cities,even outside Poland.

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